Unlock access to content

Select one option:

Free of charge

Unlock the chapter "Atomic Model"

Unlock access to the solution of problems in this chapter.
Free of charge Price: 3.00 £

Continue »

Subscribe to OpenProf If you do not get a better grade, you get your money back!

Unlock access to all problems solutions.
Available from 8.25 £ / month.

Continue »

Solved problems for the chapter:

Atomic Model

View the theory »

Atomic Structure

1. Elements

1.1. Periodic table of elements

2. Weight and dimensions

3. Forum

↓ Show theory [1] ↓

Detailed solution steps are available at:

https://en.openprof.com/wb/chapter:atomic_model/3655/

Example 1.

A bismuth atom (Bi) has 126 neutrons in its nucleus.

What is the mass number of a bismuth (Bi) atom?
How many electrons are in a neutral bismuth atom?

Example 2.

What are the main components of an electrically neutral atom?

The components of the atom are (select the correct answers):

electron
proton
positron
ion
isotope
neutron

Calculate the number of electrons, protons and neutrons in a gallium atom .

The periodic table of elements states the chlorine symbol as .

State the amounts of elementary particles that make up the chlorine atom.
What else can you learn about the composition of an atom if you know that chlorine is in the seventh group and the third period?

In the periodic table, the element potassium has the designation . Calculate the number of basic particles in the potassium ion .

Using the Periodic Table of Elements, determine:

the numbers of the basic components,
the name

of the element .

The crystal structure of polonium at room temperature is simple cubic. Assume that the polonium atoms are spherical in nature and the radius of a polonium atom is 168 pm, what is the density of a polonium atom?

Which of the following statements is/are correct:

Electrons are carriers of negative charge.
The elementary charge is .
A body is negatively charged when it has an excess of electrons.
Conductors can be charged by touching another charged body.
Insulators can be charged with influenza.

10.

Answer the following questions:

Which unit do we measure electric charge with?
What is the size of the base charge?
Write the charge of the electron and proton.
What is the charge of an electrically neutral atom and why?

11.

How can we charge electrical insulators? Explain what happens during the process and where the charge accumulates?

12.

Answer the following questions:

What does it mean that the body is charged?
When is the body charged negatively and positively?

13.

By what property do we distinguish between electrical conductors and insulators? List some typical electrical conductors and insulators .

14.

We rub an electrically neutral metal rod against the negatively charged jacket. In doing so, 8,500 electrons pass to the rod. What is the charge on the rod?

15.

How can we charge electrical conductors? What happens during the procedure?

16.

We rub an electrically neutral balloon against a wool jacket. The charge accumulates on the balloon. Did the balloon receive or transmit the electrons? How many electrons passed between the bodies?

17.

Three students are describing the structure of an atom.

student 1: All the positively charged particles are in the nucleus.
student 2: Positive electrons are in the nucleus.
student 3: Negative electrons orbit around the nucleus.

Which students are making a correct statement?

1, 2 and 3
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only

18.

Which statement is correct for the nucleus of any atom?

The nucleus contains electrons, neutrons and protons.
The nucleus contains the same number of protons as neutrons.
The nucleus has a total charge of zero.
The nucleus is very small compared with the size of the atom.

19.

Atom P has 6 electrons, 6 protons and 6 neutrons. Atom Q has 6 electrons, 6 protons and 7 neutrons. Which statement is correct?

Atom P has atomic number 12.
Atom P has nucleon number 6.
Atom Q has nucleon number 13.
Atoms P and Q are different chemical elements.

20.

Which diagram shows a possible structure of a neutral atom?

21.

The diagrams represent the protons, neutrons and electrons in different atoms and ions. Which diagram shows a negatively charged ion?

22.

The diagrams show the simple atomic structure for two neutral atoms X and Y of different elements.

Which row is correct?

	atom with more electrons	atom with a more positively charged nucleus
A	X	X
B	X	Y
C	Y	X
D	Y	Y

23.

A magnesium ion has a double positive charge and a chloride ion has a single negative charge. Which statement is correct?

A chlorine atom gains an electron to form the chloride ion.
A chlorine atom loses a proton to form the chloride ion.
A magnesium atom loses an electron to form the magnesium ion.
A magnesium atom gains two electrons to form the magnesium ion.

24.

The diagram represents a neutral atom.

Which row identifies each type of particle in the diagram?


A	electron	neutron	proton
B	electron	proton	neutron
C	neutron	electron	proton
D	proton	electron	neutron

25.

How are positive and negative ions formed from atoms?

	positive ion	negative ion
A	add positive charge to the nucleus	add an electron to the atom
B	add positive charge to the nucleus	remove positive charge from the nucleus
C	remove an electron from the atom	add an electron to the atom
D	remove an electron from the atom	remove positive charge from the nucleus

26.

What are the relative charges on a proton, a neutron and an electron?

	proton	neutron	electron
A	0	-1	+1
B	0	-1	-1
C	+1	0	-1
D	+1	0	+1

27.

Which diagram represents the positions of the charged particles of an atom?

28.

A thin metal foil is placed in a vacuum. -particles are fired at the foil and most go straight through. A very small proportion of the -particles are deflected through large angles. What does this provide evidence for?

-particles are very small.
There are negative electrons in each atom.
There is a tiny nucleus in each atom.
There are neutrons in each atom.

29.

An atom of an element contains electrons, neutrons and protons. Which particles are found in the nucleus?

electrons and neutrons only
electrons and protons only
neutrons and protons only
electrons, neutrons and protons

30.

A model of an atom consists of small particles orbiting a central nucleus. Where is the positive charge in an atom?

on the orbiting particles
in the nucleus
in the space between the nucleus and the orbiting particles
spread throughout the atom

31.

When a beam of -particles is incident on a thin metal foil, most of them follow a path represented by path X in the diagram. A small number of -particles follow a path represented by path Y in the diagram.

Which row correctly describes a conclusion that can be drawn from each of these observations about the structure of the atom?

	most follow path X	some follow path Y
A	atom is mostly empty space	atom contains something that repels -particles
B	atom is mostly empty space	nucleus contains protons and neutrons
C	atom is neutral	atom contains something that repels -particles
D	atom is neutral	nucleus contains protons and neutrons

32.

In -particle scattering, -particles are incident on a thin metal foil. Which row describes results from the experiment and a conclusion that the results lead to?

	results	conclusion
A	most of the -particles pass straight through the foil	most of the atom is empty space
B	most of the -particles pass straight through the foil	the nucleus is very large
C	very few of the -particles pass straight through the foil	most of the atom is empty space
D	very few of the -particles pass straight through the foil	the nucleus is very large

33.

A rechargeable battery contains lithium. The lithium exists as positive lithium ions. How does an ion of lithium differ from an atom of lithium?

The ion has fewer electrons orbiting the nucleus.
The ion has more electrons orbiting the nucleus.
The nucleus of the ion has less charge.
The nucleus of the ion is more positively charged.

34.

The scattering of -particles by a thin gold foil provides evidence for the nuclear model of the atom. Two of the same energy are incident on a nucleus of gold. Which diagram shows the correct paths followed by the -particles as they pass close to the nucleus?

35.

A very important experiment improved scientists’ understanding of the structure of matter. The experiment involved -particles being fired at a thin, gold foil. What happened?

All the -particles were absorbed by the nuclei of the gold atoms.
All the -particles were unaffected by the gold atoms.
Some of the -particles were attracted by the neutrons in the nuclei of the gold atoms.
Some of the -particles were repelled by the protons in the nuclei of the gold atoms.

36.

The charge on a proton is e. What is the charge on an electron and what is the charge on a neutron?

	electron	neutron
A	e	e
B	e	0
C	-e	-e
D	-e	0