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in the equation below:
and that
and 
in ascending orders, when
and 
are neither prime nor co-prime.
when 
.
for 
). Hence, for 
calculate its value accurately.
applies:
.
and calculate without using calculator:
in the equation 
in the equation:
in the equation 
in the equation 
in the equation:
.
, where 
.
, then 
.
