Smoke particles are suspended in still air. Brownian motion of the smoke particles is seen through a microscope. Describe:
what is seen through the microscope
how Brownian motion provides evidence for the nature of the movement of gas molecules.
A fixed mass of an ideal gas has volume 
at pressure 
and temperature 
. The gas is heated at constant volume until the temperature is 
at pressure 
, as illustrated in the figure below.
The quantity of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of 
of the gas by 
at constant volume is 
. Calculate, to three significant figures:
the amount, in 
, of the gas
the thermal energy transfer during the change.
