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Explain the function of the non-uniform magnetic field that is superimposed on a large uniform magnetic field in diagnosis using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI).
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The large magnetic field causes all hydrogen nuclei within the body to align and precess with the same Larmor frequency, which depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field.
A pulse of radio frequency (RF) of the same frequency as the Larmor frequency is applied to the precessing nuclei; the nuclei absorb energy and resonate. When the RF pulse ends, the resonating hydrogen nuclei return to their equilibrium position after a short period of time, emitting the RF energy in the process.
In other that hydrogen nuclei in only one small part of the body may be detected, a non-uniform magnetic field is also applied across the patient. This results in different magnetic field strengths at each point in the body, hence different Larmor frequencies. The particular magnetic field and the radio frequency emitted enable the hydrogen nuclei in the part of the body under investigation to be located.
Therefore, the non-uniform magnetic field that is superimposed on a large uniform magnetic field in diagnosis using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, causes a changing field, which enables the position of detection to be changed.
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