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Luminosity of a star is the total power radiated by the star in the form of electromagnetic radiation (such as light, heat, and other radiation).
A standard candle is an astronomical object with a known luminosity. The observer then measures the radiant flux intensity of the standard candle from Earth using a telescope or detector. The distance of the galaxy from the observer is then determined from the formula of the radiant flux intensity of the standard candle, which is given by:
where is the radiant flux intensity and is the luminosity of the standard candle.
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of the galaxy from the observer is then determined from the formula of the radiant flux intensity of the standard candle, which is given by:
is the radiant flux intensity and 
is the luminosity of the standard candle.
